What does "NPO" stand for in a medical context?

"NPO" stands for "Nothing by mouth" in a medical context. This term is used to indicate that a patient should not consume any food, drink, or other substances orally. It is commonly ordered before surgery or certain medical procedures to ensure that the stomach is empty, which helps reduce the risk of complications, such as aspiration should the patient need anesthesia.

In a clinical setting, adhering to NPO status is critical for patient safety, especially when undergoing surgical procedures or certain diagnostic tests. Healthcare providers must monitor and manage the patient's comfort and hydration needs during this period, often using alternative methods like intravenous fluids for nutrition and hydration as necessary. Understanding the meaning and importance of NPO is essential for nursing assistants and other healthcare professionals in order to provide safe and effective care.