What is a myocardial infarction (MI)?

A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when there is a significant loss of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle. This reduced blood flow often results from a blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries, typically caused by the buildup of fatty deposits or plaques. When the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood, the affected tissue can begin to die, leading to serious damage or even death if not treated promptly. Recognizing this process is critical in emergency situations, as timely intervention can save lives and minimize heart damage.

The other options do not accurately describe a myocardial infarction. A is misleading as it describes a form of heart disease without symptoms, while typically, an MI presents with clear symptoms like chest pain and discomfort. C focuses on inflammation of heart valves, which is a different medical condition entirely. D refers to chest pain but fails to connect it specifically to the underlying cause of MI, which is the loss of blood flow to the heart muscle.