What is the main role of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

The diaphragm plays a crucial role in the respiratory system primarily by allowing the lungs to expand and contract during the breathing process. This dome-shaped muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and is responsible for the mechanics of inhalation and exhalation. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, creating negative pressure within the thoracic cavity, which causes air to be drawn into the lungs. Conversely, when the diaphragm relaxes, it moves upward, decreasing the thoracic cavity's volume and pushing air out of the lungs.

The importance of this function cannot be overstated, as it directly influences the efficiency of gas exchange—oxygen and carbon dioxide—within the lungs. This makes the diaphragm essential for effective breathing, ensuring that the body receives the oxygen it needs while expelling carbon dioxide.