What is the primary risk factor that leads to the formation of pressure sores?

The primary risk factor for the formation of pressure sores is indeed pressure on the skin. Pressure sores, also known as bedsores or pressure ulcers, occur when there is prolonged pressure on a specific area of the skin, which can impede blood flow and lead to tissue damage. This situation often arises in individuals who are confined to a bed or wheelchair and cannot change their position frequently.

When pressure is applied to the skin over bony areas, such as the heels, hips, and tailbone, the blood vessels can become compressed, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues in that area. Without adequate blood flow, the skin and underlying tissues can start to break down, ultimately resulting in the formation of pressure sores.

While factors like moisture, friction, and shear can also contribute to the risk of developing pressure sores, the dominant factor is pressure itself. Increasing movement or high levels of exercise can actually help in reducing the risk of pressure sores by improving circulation and allowing for frequent repositioning.