Which of the following is not considered a cognitive change associated with aging?

In the context of cognitive changes associated with aging, increased physical strength does not fit within the category of cognitive changes. Cognitive changes typically refer to alterations in mental processes such as memory, attention, and decision-making, which can be affected by the aging process.

Memory impairment and decreased attention are common cognitive changes that many individuals experience as they age. Similarly, decision-making difficulties can arise due to factors like reduced processing speed or decreased working memory, which are both associated with aging.

On the other hand, increased physical strength is generally not a cognitive change; instead, aging may lead to a decline in physical abilities due to muscle loss and other physiological factors. Thus, it is clear why increased physical strength is the correct choice as it is fundamentally unrelated to cognitive functions.